本书首先介绍了生物质能概述及包括能源作物在内的生物质资源，然后介绍了直接燃烧、压缩成型、沼气发酵、气化（发电），燃料乙醇、生物柴油，生物裂解、制氢、间接液化与垃圾能源化技术等各种生物质能源转化技术的基本原理、工艺流程与实际应用。本书涵盖了各种生物质能源转化与利用的最新理论、工艺、方法和进展。

Yu Zhang， Jingliang Xu， Yanlinglin， Xinshu Zhuang， Hai Zhao， Yunyun Liu， Qiang Yu，Guixiong Zhou， and Mingsong Xiao
1 Biomass ethanol fueltechnology 1
1.1 Characteristics and application of ethanol l
1.1.1 Physicaland chemical properties of ethanol l
1.1.2 Performance comparison of ethanol and gasoline/diesel 2
1.2 Production theory of bioethanol 3
1.2.1 The main methods of ethanol production 3
1.2.1.1 Microbial fermentation 3
1.2.1.2 Syngas to ethanol 4
1.2.2 Biochemical process of ethanol fermentation 5
1.2.2.1 Carbohyd rate degradation 5
1.2.2.2 Glycolysis 7
1.2.3 Ethanol fermentation microbiology 8
1.2.3.1 Ethanol fermentation microbiology based on a sugar platform 9
1.2.3.2 Pentose fermenting microbes 13
1.2.4 Breeding of ethanol fermentation microorganisms 13
1.2.4.1 High ethanol tolerant strains 14
1.2.4.2 High temperature resistant strains 15
1.2.4.3 Pentose fermentation strains 16
1.2.4.4 Saccharification function strains 16
1.2.4.5 Engineered bacteria for consolidated bioprocessing 17
1.2.4.6 The breeding of syngas fermentation microorganisms 17
1.3 Ethanol production from starch feedstocks 18
1.3.1 Crushing 18
1.3.2 Steaming and gelatinization 19
1.3.3 Saccharification 20
1.3.3.1 Separate hydrolysis and fermentation process 20
1.3.3.2 Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process 20
1.3.3.3 Partial simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process 21
1.3.3.4 Ethanol Fermentation 21
1.3.3.5 Ethanol extraction and purification 24
1.3.3.6 Examples of industrial production 26
1.4 Ethanol production from sugar feedstocks 26
1.4.1 Technical process of ethanol production from sugar feedstocks 27
1.4.1.1 Technological requirements for processing molasses feedstock 27
1.4.1.2 Devices for the dilution of molasses 29
1.4.1.3 The treatment process of molasses 30
1.4.1.4 Acidification， ste rilizatio n， cIa rificatio n， and additio n of n utrient saIts to molasses 30
1.4.2 Ethanol production from sweet sorghum stalk 33
1.4.2.1 Solidstate fermentation process 33
1.4.2.2 Liquid fermentation process 35
1.4.3 Bioethanol production cases from sweet sorghum 36
1.4.3.1 Continuous solidstate fermentation process 36
1.4.3.2 Raw material pretreatment 36
1.4.3.3 Yeast activation 38
1.4.3.4 Joint blender mixer 38
1.4.3.5 Fermentation 39
1.5 Ethanol production from cellulosic materials 41
1.5.1 Pretreatments 41
1.5.1.1 Dilute acid pretreatment 41
1.5.1.2 Liquid hot water pretreatment 44
1.5.1.3 Steam explosion pretreatment 45
1.5.2 Enzymatic hyd rolysis and ethanol fermentation of cellulosic materials 45
1.5.2.1 Types of cellulase and their structures 45
1.5.2.2 The hydrolysis mechanism of cellulase 46
1.5.2.3 Factors affecting enzymatic hydrolysis 48
1.5.2.4 Ethanol fermentation 49
1.5.3 A case of cellulosic ethanol production 50
1.6 Analysis of the economics of ethanol fuel production 51
1.6.1 Analysis of the economics of ethanol fuel production using starch raw material 52
1.6.2 Analysis ofthe economics of ethanol fuelproduction using sugar raw material 57
1.6.3 Analysis of the economics of ethanol fuel production using cellulose raw material 60
1.6.3.1 Simultaneous saccharification and cofermentation 61
1.6.3.2 Twostage dilute acid hydrolysis process 64
1.7 Environmentalimpacts of fuel ethanol production and control approaches 67
1.7.1 Sources of pollutants during ethanol production 67
1.7.2 Waste treatment methods 68
1.7.2.1 The production of feed 69
1.7.2.2 The production of feed yeast 69
1.7.2.3 Anaerobic treatment 70
1.7.2.4 Aerobic treatment 70
1.7.2.5 Dilution agricultural irrigation method 70
1.7.2.6 Concentration 71
1.7.2.7 Combustion 71
1.7.2.8 Comprehensive utilization 72
1.7.2.9 Fine Chemicals 72
1.7.3 Approaches to pollutant control 73
1.8 The general situation of fuel ethanol prepared using biomass both at national and international Ievels 77
1.8.1 R